第 12 章 地图

12.1 部分中国地图

## 显示字体
library(sysfonts)
library(showtextdb)
library(showtext)
showtext_auto(enable = TRUE)
font_add('font/simhei', 'font/simhei.ttf')
# names(postscriptFonts()) # 查看字体集

## 用eps保存图片
# setEPS() 
# postscript('eps/中国地图.eps', width=6, height=7)
# dev.off() 

library(maps)
library(mapdata)
dat = read.csv(text = 
    "城市,jd,wd
    4,113.25,23.13333333
    3,113,28.18333333
    1,102.6833333,25
    2,108.3333333,22.8
    ")

map("china", ylim = c(18, 54))
points(dat$jd, dat$wd, pch = 19, cex = 0.7)
text(dat$jd, dat$wd, dat[, 1], cex = 0.7, pos = c(3,2,2,3))
legend('bottomright', legend=c('1 云南省','2 广西省','3 湖南省','4 广东省'), bty='n')

12.2 中国地图

用 R 语言绘制包含十段线的地图，并且可以根据数据实现对各省份的填色。

R语言绘制十段线地图，给特定省份填色

十段线百科

R语言绘制中国地图：着色省份、标注省份名称

R语言绘制中国地图，增加指北针、比例尺和九段线区域小图

12.2.1 获取数据

library(geojsonsf)
library(sf)
library(ggplot2)
library(RColorBrewer)
library(ggspatial)
library(cowplot)

12.2.2 绘制地图

fig1 <-  ggplot()+
  # 绘制主图
   geom_sf(data = China,fill='NA') +
  # 绘制国界线及十段线
   geom_sf(data = gjx)+
  # 添加省份名称
  geom_text(data = province,aes(x=dili_Jd,y=dili_Wd,label=省市),position = "identity",size=3,check_overlap = TRUE) +
   labs(title="中国地图")+
   theme(plot.title = element_text(color="black", size=16, face="bold",vjust = 0.1,hjust = 0.5),
                                        legend.title=element_blank(),
                                        legend.position = c(0.2,0.2),
                                        panel.grid=element_blank(),
                                        panel.background=element_blank(),
                                        axis.text=element_blank(),
                                        axis.ticks=element_blank(),
                                        axis.title=element_blank()
                                      )#+
  ##添加指北针，“style”参数可以更改样式
  # annotation_north_arrow(location='tl', which_north='false',style=north_arrow_orienteering())

fig1

# 读入数据
 nine_lines = read_sf('map/南海.geojson') 
  
 # 绘制九段线小图
 fig2 = ggplot() +
   geom_sf(data = China,fill='NA', size=0.5) + 
   geom_sf(data = nine_lines,color='black',size=0.5)+
   ##去掉主图的部分区域
   coord_sf(ylim = c(-4028017,-1877844),xlim = c(117131.4,2115095),crs="+proj=laea +lat_0=40 +lon_0=104")+
   theme(
     aspect.ratio = 1.25, #调节长宽比
     axis.text = element_blank(),
     axis.ticks = element_blank(),
     axis.title = element_blank(),
     panel.grid = element_blank(),
     panel.background = element_blank(),
     panel.border = element_rect(fill=NA,color="grey10",linetype=1,size=0.5),
     plot.margin=unit(c(0,0,0,0),"mm"))
 
fig2

fig = ggdraw() +
   draw_plot(fig1) +
   draw_plot(fig2, x = 0.8, y = 0, width = 0.13, height = 0.39)
fig

### 地图填色

colour <- read.csv("map/colour.csv")
head(colour)
##   shengfen   colour QUHUADAIMA
## 1     新疆    0~200     650000
## 2     西藏    0~200     540000
## 3     青海 600~1000     630000
## 4     甘肃    0~200     620000
## 5     宁夏  200~400     640000
## 6   内蒙古  400~600     150000

colour$QUHUADAIMA <- as.character(colour$QUHUADAIMA)
CHINA <- dplyr::left_join(China,colour,by= "QUHUADAIMA")

fig1 <-  ggplot() +
  geom_sf(
    data = CHINA,
    aes(fill = factor(colour))) +
    ## 填色
      scale_fill_manual(
        "class",
        values = c("#9CEED3", "#79CBC2", "#5EA9AC", "#4B8793", "#3C6777"),
        breaks = c("0~200", "200~400", "400~600", "600~1000", "1000+"),
        labels = c("0~200", "200~400", "400~600", "600~1000", "1000+")
      ) +
      geom_sf(data = gjx) +
      geom_text(
        data = province,
        aes(x = dili_Jd, y = dili_Wd, label = 省市),
        position = "identity",
        size = 3,
        check_overlap = TRUE
      ) +
      labs(title = "中国地图") +
      theme(
        plot.title = element_text(
          color = "black",
          size = 16,
          face = "bold",
          vjust = 0.1,
          hjust = 0.5
        ),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.2, 0.2),
        panel.grid = element_blank(),
        panel.background = element_blank(),
        axis.text = element_blank(),
        axis.ticks = element_blank(),
        axis.title = element_blank()
      ) +
      annotation_north_arrow(
        location = 'tl',
        which_north = 'false',
        style = north_arrow_orienteering()
      )


 # 读入九段线数据
 nine_lines = read_sf('map/南海.geojson') 
  
 # 绘制九段线小图
 nine_map = ggplot() +
   geom_sf(data = CHINA,fill='NA', size=0.5) + 
   geom_sf(data = nine_lines,color='black',size=0.5)+
   coord_sf(ylim = c(-4028017,-1877844),xlim = c(117131.4,2115095),crs="+proj=laea +lat_0=40 +lon_0=104")+
   theme(
     aspect.ratio = 1.25, #调节长宽比
     axis.text = element_blank(),
     axis.ticks = element_blank(),
     axis.title = element_blank(),
     panel.grid = element_blank(),
     panel.background = element_blank(),
     panel.border = element_rect(fill=NA,color="grey10",linetype=1,size=0.5),
     plot.margin=unit(c(0,0,0,0),"mm"))
 
 # 使用cowplot包将大图小图拼在一起
 fig = ggdraw() +
   draw_plot(fig1) +
   draw_plot(nine_map, x = 0.8, y = 0, width = 0.13, height = 0.39)
fig

12.2.3 给特定省份填色

colour$new_colour <- rep(0,nrow(colour))
##给目标省份赋予不同的数值
colour$new_colour[which(colour$shengfen=="重庆")] <- 1
colour$new_colour[which(colour$shengfen=="山西")] <- 2
colour$new_colour[which(colour$shengfen=="新疆")] <- 3
colour$new_colour[which(colour$shengfen=="内蒙古")] <- 4
CHINA <- dplyr::left_join(China,colour,by= "QUHUADAIMA")
head(colour)
##   shengfen   colour QUHUADAIMA new_colour
## 1     新疆    0~200     650000          3
## 2     西藏    0~200     540000          0
## 3     青海 600~1000     630000          0
## 4     甘肃    0~200     620000          0
## 5     宁夏  200~400     640000          0
## 6   内蒙古  400~600     150000          4

fig1 <-  ggplot() +
  geom_sf(
    data = CHINA,
    aes(fill = factor(new_colour))) +
      scale_fill_manual(
        "class",
        values = c("#FFFFFF", "#79CBC2", "#5EA9AC", "#4B8793", "#3C6777"),
        breaks = c("0", "1", "2", "3", "4"),
        labels = c("0", "1", "2", "3", "4")
      )+
      geom_sf(data = gjx) +
      geom_text(
        data = province,
        aes(x = dili_Jd, y = dili_Wd, label = 省市),
        position = "identity",
        size = 3,
        check_overlap = TRUE
      ) +
      labs(title = "中国地图") +
      theme(
        plot.title = element_text(
          color = "black",
          size = 16,
          face = "bold",
          vjust = 0.1,
          hjust = 0.5
        ),
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        legend.position = c(0.2, 0.2),
        panel.grid = element_blank(),
        panel.background = element_blank(),
        axis.text = element_blank(),
        axis.ticks = element_blank(),
        axis.title = element_blank()
      ) +
      annotation_north_arrow(
        location = 'tl',
        which_north = 'false',
        style = north_arrow_orienteering()
      )


 # 读入九段线数据
 nine_lines = read_sf('map/南海.geojson') 
  
 # 绘制九段线小图
 nine_map = ggplot() +
   geom_sf(data = CHINA,fill='NA', size=0.5) + 
   geom_sf(data = nine_lines,color='black',size=0.5)+
   coord_sf(ylim = c(-4028017,-1877844),xlim = c(117131.4,2115095),crs="+proj=laea +lat_0=40 +lon_0=104")+
   theme(
     aspect.ratio = 1.25, #调节长宽比
     axis.text = element_blank(),
     axis.ticks = element_blank(),
     axis.title = element_blank(),
     panel.grid = element_blank(),
     panel.background = element_blank(),
     panel.border = element_rect(fill=NA,color="grey10",linetype=1,size=0.5),
     plot.margin=unit(c(0,0,0,0),"mm"))
 
 # 使用cowplot包将大图小图拼在一起
 fig = ggdraw() +
   draw_plot(fig1) +
   draw_plot(nine_map, x = 0.8, y = 0, width = 0.13, height = 0.39)
fig